Andy Warhol Essay - 1572 Words

Andy Warhol being one of the biggest influences in my work made him the obvious choice for this assignment. I see Warhols influence on the world we live in everyday and strongly believe he helped in creating the pop culture obsession in America. Andy went from rags to riches and defines the American dream. His work has inspired many and continues to be recognized by people throughout the world. Born August 6, 1928 to Andrej and Julia Warhola, Andy was the youngest of three brothers. Andys father emigrated from Mikova, Czechoslovakia in 1913. Eight years later Julia joined Andrej in Pittsburgh where he had found work in construction. The following year, 1922, Paul Warhola was born. Then in 1925 came John. Andys older brothers†¦show more content†¦This is when Andy dropped the a from Warhola and began going by Warhol. Andy moved to New York with fellow painter Philip Pearlstein. After a year of living with Pearlstein and some other roommates Warhol moved his mother from Pittsburgh to live with him in an apartment. The dependency on her is seen up until her death. His first work in New York was very design oriented. Andy designed womens shoes and storefronts. He won three Art Directors Club Awards and used his business art to make his money. Andy still did commercial work up until 1968 when he used commissions as his main source of income. (Rodley) Warhol first emerged onto the fine art scene in 1962 with a solo show at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles. This show promoted his first run of soup cans. Thirty-two different flavored soup cans were displayed. The paintings were listed at $100 each, not even one of the paintings sold and the whole lot was purchased by the gallery owner. (Koestenbaum 62) The next show put on by Warhol was in New York. Here he had portraits of Marilyn and Elvis, as well as the disaster series. From here, Warhols career as an American artist took off and he made millions through his famed portraits. Warhol also enjoyed working with photography and film. His popularity was huge and everyone wanted Warhol to put his spin on their product or logo. Andy became a New York socialite in the seventies and frequented clubs like the notorious Studio 54,Show MoreRelated Andy Warhol Essays946 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican art, Andy Warhol was obsessed with fame, glamour, and money. He is best known for his images of stars and celebrities and for his reproductions of symbols of the American society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Andrew Warhola’s (he later dropped the â€Å"a†) birth date is uncertain, Andy said himself that his birth certificate had been forged and June 6, 1928 became the date taken as his birthday. Others say he was born December 6, 1930 and then others say it was August 6, 1928. Andy was very mysteriousRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesAndy Warhol Warhol was successful in bringing a new form of art to the forefront of an ever changing artworld in the 1960`s. I am interested in the field of commercial and graphic art and its connection to advertising. Thats why I have chosen Warhol as my subject for this essay. Im going to focus on the techniques and images he used on his paintings. Andy Warhol is one of the worlds most renown artists. He was a painter, a photographer, a filmmaker, a publisher of Interview magazineRead More Andy Warhol Essay743 Words   |  3 Pages The attitude of Warhol only confused society more. Instead of hiding his association with commercial art as other artists did, drawing and dividing the line between it and real art, he erased the line. â€Å"The Pop artists did images that anybody walking down Broadway could recognize in a split second.†(Warhol) Pop artist figures competed in that art market where images and auras, no just objects, are offered for consumption. Warhol has never objected to this state of affairs, which he did so much toRead More Andy Warhol Essay3682 Words   |  15 PagesAndy Warhol Works Cited Missing I just paint things I always thought were beautiful, things you use every day and never think about†¦ I just do it because I like it. (Beckris 110) I just do it because I like it is Andy’s philosophy on life. Andy might just be the most interesting and at the same time the most confusing individual you will ever read about. Andy’s work is like none others. His art brought common day people together and showed the impact of contemporary society and the idea ofRead MoreAndy Warhol Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesI selected Andy Warhol because I have long admired his crazy, quirky, unconventional style of producing works of art from normal, everyday subjects ranging from inanimate, normally unnoticed objects to pop culture celebrity icons. I first heard of him in 1986 when his show Andy Warhols Fifteen Minutes aired on MTV. The show featured Andy interviewing what he thought was the next up-and-coming musical sensations about to get their fifteen minutes of fame. Two years later on a poster in theRead More Andy Warhol Essay2426 Words   |  10 PagesHailed as the founding father of the Pop Art movement in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Andy Warhol, through his endeavors, brought forward societys obsession with mass culture and allowed it to become the subject of his art. He produced works that defied and challenged the popular notion of what art should be by disputing the traditional conventions pertaining to the uniqueness, authenticity, and authorship of art (Faerna 28). However, it is an injustice to say that Warhols goals primarilyRead MoreAndy Pope of Pop Warhol 690 Words   |  3 PagesThe American artist, Andy Warhol, was one of the major influential artists in the late 20th century, during the pop art movement. One of his art pieces is called Details of Renaissance Paintings (Sandro Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482) made in 1984 and currently located at The Andy Warhol Museum in his hometown. For all of his art works (printmaking, painting, cinema, photography), Warhol gives a whole new different perspective and meaning to society, by giving a â€Å"personality† to his work. The culturalRead MoreFrida Kahlo And Andy Warhol Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesalternating the traditional point of view. Frida Kahlo and Andy Warhol both contributed to different art movements. Frida Kahlo grew up with an illness and later experience what she would call two accidents that allowed her to start her innovative life. Kahlo changed societal norms having to do with sexuality, gender roles, and a new form of expression with private and personal subjects that at the time weren’t allowed to be talked about. Andy Warhol came from rags to riches because of his excellence inRead MoreEssay about Andy Warhol1980 Words   |  8 Pages Andy Warhol Never before have I encountered more intriguing works of art than those done by Andy Warhol. I have been curious about his life ever since I saw his work in Milwaukee. I saw his famous work of the Campbells Soup Can. By viewing this, one can tell he is not your average artist. Im sure his life is full of interesting events that shaped him into who he was. As an artist myself, I would like to get to know the background of his life. I may then be able to appreciate his styles and understandRead MoreVenus and Andy Warhol Essay2165 Words   |  9 Pagesa full grown woman arriving at the shore. Painted in 1486, and with the medium of tempera on canvas, The Birth of Venus hangs in the Uffizi gallery in Florence Italy. This renaissance painting is huge and is 67.9 inches tall by 109.6 inches wide. Andy Warhol’s screen print Venus was done is 1984 and has been mass produced all over the country. There are many critiques and analysis for both of these pieces. Also there is a large amount of comparisons between the two, because they are both of the

High School s Basketball Games - 1433 Words

It wasn t always easy living with my father, but I always knew he had my best interests at heart. When I finally entered Marymount High School, I had a burning desire to try out for the basketball team. Even though I was tall and athletic, my father wouldn’t allow me to get involved in sports. He told me a student who wanted to become a doctor didn t have time to play games. To be more accurate, my father should have told me a student who wanted to become a doctor and worked full-time in his father s shoe shop after school didn t have time to play games. I attended most of our high school s basketball games, but my heart was on the floor while the rest of me was in the bleachers. Just as my athletic experiences in high school were†¦show more content†¦Freud once said the multiphasic patterns of time influenced man in such a way as to revive old subconscious stimuli, both positive and negative, reinforcing neurotic tendencies in the process. Little did I realize that, upon entering King’s College in the fall of 1966, the hands of time were once again preparing to throw me a major league curve, not only proving Freud right but also making a seemingly obtainable objective like medical school extremely difficult to attain. In the late 1960 s and early 1970 s, American education took a giant step backward because of a historical conversation piece that was known as the Vietnam War. As the fighting in Vietnam escalated and more American lives were lost, going to college in a blue collar town like Wilkes-Barre met with mixed reviews and acceptance. Historically, Wilkes-Barre was a patriotic town that proudly embraced the My Country, Right or Wrong philosophy. Wilkes-Barre residents had served honorably in each of our country s wars, and, understandably, the relatives of those who were organizing bombing raids on Vietnam viewed the war from a different perspective than the relatives of those who were organizing panty raids at colleges across the United States. Many of the former seemed to be more pre-occupied with the idea of able-bodied Americans going to college, rather thanShow MoreRelatedThe Sports Of Basketball Sports923 Words   |  4 Pages Basketball today is one of the leading sports when is it comes to entertainment. This sport is known to have an incredibly high amount of supporters. There is something about the sport that thrills and excites its viewers. This sport is very entertaining because it of its fast scoring and its high pace of things. However, I am sure we have all witnessed a game of stalling were teams refuse to pass the ball in order to prevent the opposing team from scoring. In the United States today â€Å"only eightRead MoreHow Did College Basketball Form And How Has It Changed Over The Years?925 Words   |  4 Pagescollege basketball form and how has it changed over the years? Basketball is one of the most watched or frequently played sport in history, on top of soccer, football, or baseball. In this essay, I will answer the question, and tell about some important events in basketball history. Basketball started in 1891. It has now grown into one of the most popular sports in history. Basketball was invented in December 1891 by Canadian James W. Naismith. An instructor at the YMCA Training School in MassachusettsRead MoreMy Favorite Essay787 Words   |  4 Pages In today’s society, we often classify things as â€Å"Our Favorite†. Whether it be food, school, or even colors, everyone is bound to possess a â€Å"favorite† something. In my case, I have three favorites. The first one, basketball, is by far my favorite out of the three favorites I have. I have played since I was in fourth grade and I had been watching the sport even earlier. My second favorite is football. I played one year of flag football, in which I played the center position, and I was truly awfulRead MoreTaking a Look at Basketball1299 Words   |  5 Pages Basketball is a sport played worldwide of people of all ages. The game was originally invented by James Naismith, a physical education teacher of what is now known as Springfield College. The game was first created to occupy athletes at a small Northeast school. Now it is played all around the world. In this essay, the history, equipment, leaders, and rules of the game will be explained . When basketball was invented, James Naismith’s boss was Mr. Luther Gulick, chairmanRead MoreThe City Of Saint Paul Called Washington Technology Magnet School1238 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing seen the same way, especially in high school sports. One school in particular that will be focused on in this paper is in the city of Saint Paul called Washington Technology Magnet School. This school is a victim just like many other schools out there that women s sports are not getting enough fundings compared to the men s programs they have because woman sports are being considered inferior. One way to solve this problem, in this particular school, is to have a safe box for the fundingsRead MoreA Heated Competitive Nature Of Basketball1053 Words   |  5 Pagesover anything and everything. Notably when the competition at hand was the sport of basketball. Growing up basketball was more than a game, it was a way of life. My brothers and I analyzed every aspect of basketball, we were students of the game. I recall the 2008 NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament, there was this undersized point guard playing for Davidson College by the name of Stephen Curry. This kid took the basketball world by storm, he became an overnight sensation. He led the Davidson College WildcatsRead MoreThe History and Development of Basketball Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever speculated who created basketball? Maybe even if different cultures played it and how they did? What the original rules were? How it has been altered since it was first invented? All of these answers can be found in this paper. Did you know that our ancestors played a game sort of like basketball before it was even invented? Centuries ago in Mexico, people played games where they used a ball and hoop. They would take turns trying to toss the ball into the basket and keep trackRead MoreRogerian Argument1389 Words   |  6 PagesHigh School to NBA: Good or Bad? Mel Plantenga College Composition P.4/5 March 6, 2013 Some of the greatest stars in the NBA were drafted straight out of high school. Lebron James, Kobe Bryant, and Dwight Howard are just a few examples. Even though, as of 2006, the NBA eligibility rule states that a player entering the NBA draft must be at least nineteen years old and a year removed from high school, it is still a huge debate in the sports world of whether or not this rule is the right choiceRead MoreBasketball As A Physical Education1396 Words   |  6 PagesBasketball was originally created by James Naismith in 1891. The beginning of was created in Springfield Massachusetts. The game will use two teams and 10 players on the court. The coaches help train the player to play well at games and tournaments. Players need certain equipment to be able to play. The history of basketball begins 123 years ago. In December of 1981 a teacher at the YMCA in Springfield Massachusetts named James Naismith wanted to create a new game. Naismith managed to get basketballRead MoreOutline Of Figueroa s Framework1621 Words   |  7 Pagescontribute to shaping the overall joint effect. They show the different functions that reinforce, create, remove and eliminate barriers within a sport. Current status of basketball through PLC The current status of basketball participations throughout PLC in 2015 was that there was almost twice as much junior college playing basketball rather than the seniors- with statistics of 99 approximately in junior college and 59 approximately in senior college. There were around 110 boys playing and 115 girls

A Holiday For Murder Summary Essay Example For Students

A Holiday For Murder Summary Essay Part 1, Chapter 1. A man called Stephen gets off a train and he is set on doing something that he has planned to do for a long time. The man is from Africa because he said that he felt homesick. Was three days before Christmas. Uses words like DrabSaw a beautiful girl sitting on the train. She looked out of place. Part 1, Chapter 2. Pilar, the girl narrates. She was also set to do something. She saw a good looking man in the corridor. He walked in to talk to her. Gave what both people are thinking while they are talking to one another. They talked about how much they hated England. Pilar came from Spain. A war was on at the time. She told a story of when her driver was killed by a bomb: she did not seem to care! (P5)He told her about Africa and a story of when he was a kid. Part 1, Chapter 3. A bunch of people talking about their father. They talk of how much they hate him, and how they want to break their chains. Lydia had a garden with a number of scenes that she had made the garden to look like. One of the scenes was the Dead Sea. Butler had been at the house for forty years. Part 1, Chapter 4. Two, David and Hilda, talking about the mans mother and how she was humiliated by his father with his affairs that he boasted about. The mother was not able to devorce because of the times. Blames his father for his mothers death. He had not seen his father since he started college because of a dispute between what he wanted to do and what his father wanted him to do. Part 1, Chapter 5. George Lee and his wife are talking about his fathers great wealth. A millionaire twice over, I believe. (George:P17)Made his money from mining South African Diamonds. Georges sister died a year before the time of the book. Harry is the brother who went travelling the world, and often sent messages to wire him money. He usually got money from his father even though he had a huge fight with his father before he left because his father wanted him to do something with his life. Part 1, Chapter 6. The old man and Lydia talking about the two mysterious people that were supposed to show up the next day. The person was Pilar, who is his grandaughter. Harry was the other person who was supposed to arrive the next day. Part 2, Chapter 1. Everyone surprised to see Harry LeeThroughoutt Book Reference to fathers appairs with other women. Harry surprised to find all family thereGeorge was a member of ParliamentWhen Alfred walked in they stared at each other. Part 2, Chapter 2. Simeon talking of his regrets of cheating on his wife. Pilar believes strongly in God and praying. Talks about men being more powerful than men Pilar: If I were a man i would be like that, too. (P31). Impressed his Granddaughter with uncut diamonds just to prove to her that he is rich. Part 2, Chapter 3. David and Hilda in a sitting room. David talking about a memory of his mother reading books to him in that room when he was a child. Part 2, Chapter 4. A man that the Doorman had met a long time ago came to the door and gave him a letter for Simeon. The doorman could not remember who the man was. Part 2, Chapter 5. The man turned out to be the son of an old partner of SimeonsThe man came from South Africa. .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da , .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da .postImageUrl , .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da , .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da:hover , .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da:visited , .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da:active { border:0!important; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da:active , .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5217b404ce1a53b66fc52dcb75522da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Amazon Rainforest EssayPart 3, Chapter 1. Harry and Simeon talking about the problem of Harrys presence there. The main problem was Alfreds. His brother. The old man has a surprise for the rest of the family before lunch. Part 3, Chapter 2. The family walks into the room and the old man is talking on the telephone to a lawyer. He is talking about making up a new will after Christmas. The old man talks about lowering the allowance of George in order to pay for the rising costs of maintaining the house. The old man called his dead wife a louse and then said that she transmitted it onto her children. The children started yelling at their father and he told them all to get out. The old man later stated that watching his whole family get mad under his joke was fun. Hilda said that she was afraid for Simeon. Part 3, Chapter 3. Tressilian, the butler, is the narrator. Two of the servants talking and when one said that the police had shown up at the house, the Valet dropped his cup of tea and started to perspire. He became at ease when he found out that it was only to collect for the childrens orphanage. At dinner all of the family, except for the man from South Africa, was quiet. They only talked in spurts. David was nervous and knocked over his glass of wine. David played the Dead March on the piano after dinner and the butler thought it was strange. Above him he heard china crashing and furniture falling over. Harry and The South African, Mr. Farr, were already there after they ran upstairs to find that the door to the old mans room was locked. There was a ring at the door. They broke the door down with a wooden bench. Furniture was broken, china shattered. There was definitely a struggle in the room. Simeon was laying in a pool of blood, the rug beside him had caught fire. Part 3, Chapter 4. The door bell rang again. They opened up the door to find the police chief at the door. The chief took charge and made everyone leave the room and made them not touch anything. Pilar picked something up and was reluctant to give it back. She played Dumb. It was a piece of rubber and wood. The Superintendent put them into a bag and placed the bag into his pocket. Part 3, Chapter 5. This chapter starts off with Colonel Johnson and Hercule Poirot talking about different poisoning murders and how they used to be un-English. The Colonel said that there was less likely to be murders during the Christmas season than any other time of the year. The men were talking about Christmas and then the phone rang and it was a case of murder. (Ironic)The Colonel thought that the old man was not very liked in the community. But the case will still cause a big stirr. The colonel asked Poirot if he would like to come along on the case. Poirot said that he would only assist the Superintendent and not take over the case. Part 3, Chapter 6. The men were at the house and started to look for clues. Poirot was famous in the area for solving a case of nicotine poisoning a few years before. Mr. Lees throat was slit, jugular vein severed. Mr. Lee had phoned the Superintendent earlier in the afternoon and told him to go to Mr. Lees house. The old man told the Super. that the house had been robbed of many uncut diamonds. The old man thought that the diamonds may be a practicle joke played by someone in the house. The old man told the Super to return in a hour and that the old man would have the case solved. The Super returned in an hour and the old man was dead.

A Tribe Called Quest The Love Movement free essay sample

As I sit writing this review, listening to Tribes latest release, I cannot help but bob my head to the laid- back beats of this New York City trio. I picked up this, their most recent and regrettably last release. The group has broken up and will officially split up after their tour. Since this album represents everything I have come to love about the Tribe, I bought the limited edition CD of The Love Movement, which contains six rare and unreleased bonus tracks, including remixes of Scenario and Oh my God. If these bonus tracks intrigue you, then you better buy it before it is gone. This 21-track musical experience even features the return of former Tribe member, Busta Rhymes, who hasnt appeared with the group since the 1991 album, The Low End Theory. This time around, he can be heard on such songs as Steppin it up, which also features Redman and Scenario (remix). We will write a custom essay sample on A Tribe Called Quest: The Love Movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I have been anticipating the release of this album for quite some time since it was originally due out on the same date as the Beastie Boys album Hello Nasty July 14th. I dont know the reason for the delay, but I can truly say it was worth the wait. I am very upset that this, one of my favorite rap groups, has decided to break up. However, for those of you true Tribe fans, I have heard that Q-Tip and Phife may be coming out with solo releases. Although I am disappointed that the Tribes days are numbered, I urge you to pick up their last effort as a group. .

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Baiji - Facts and Figures

Baiji - Facts and Figures Name: Baiji; also known as Lipotes vexilifer, the Chinese River Dolphin and the Yangtze River Dolphin Habitat: Yangtze River of China Historical Epoch: Late Miocene-Modern (20 million-10 years ago) Size and Weight: Up to eight feet long and 500 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Moderate size; long snout About the Baiji The Baijialso known as the Chinese River Dolphin, the Yangtze River Dolphin and (less frequently) by its species name, Lipotes vexiliferoccupies that unfortunate interval between a dwindling number of sightings and functional extinction. This graceful, moderately sized, freshwater dolphin once occupied a thousand-mile stretch of Chinas Yangtze river, but it hasnt exactly flourished in modern times; as long ago as 300 B.C., early Chinese naturalists counted only a few thousand specimens. If the Baiji was imperiled back then, you can imagine the reasons it has completely disappeared today, with over 10 percent of the worlds population lining the shores (and exploiting the resources) of the Yangtze River. Like a patient dying of a terminal disease, extraordinary efforts were made to resuscitate the Baiji when people realized it was about to go extinct. In the late 1970s, the Chinese government established reserves along the Yangtze River for the Baiji, but most individuals died shortly after being relocated; even today, authorities maintain no less than five Baiji reserves, but there have been no confirmed sightings since 2007. It may yet prove possible to reintroduce the Baiji by breeding captive individuals, a program known as de-extinction, but its more likely that the very last Baiji will die in captivity (as has happened with many other recently extinct animals, such as the Passenger Pigeon and the Quagga).

Property Law Degree Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Property Law Degree - Case Study Example With certainty it is understandable that the Residents Association has a vested interest in the use and development of land around them. The residents who live in a certain area will likely see changes in their neighborhood and daily life if land in or near their community is altered. Further residential development could lead to overcrowding and diminishing quality of schools. Also, depending upon what kind of housing is to be built, the value of their own properties could be negatively impacted. Or perhaps the land to be developed is a place full of trees and nature, where all of the kids in the neighborhood love to go to play. It is clear that land development can have many types of impacts on the people who live around it. Sometimes those impacts are positive, but if they are not, it is not surprising that those people would want to prevent those negative impacts. The Town and Country Act of 1990 was established to maintain balance between the demands of developers and the needs of local residents. The case of Regan v. Paul Properties Ltd. in 2006 illustrates one reason that residents may find reason to object to development. Regan attempted to prevent Paul Properties Ltd. ... The window had already been screened in such a fashion that no light came in. The court ruled that development could ensue without infringing on the resident's right to light. (Clarke, 2008). If the Residents Association should seek to have the grant quashed, there are grounds upon which they may be able to do this. If the Residents Association disagrees with one or more of the conditions connected to the planning permission that has been granted, and have already tried to voice their concerns to the local planning authority, an appeal can be made to the Secretary of State. This appeal needs to be made within six months of the date that the planning permission was decided upon. The three ways that a plaintiff can typically make an appeal include written representations, a public inquiry session, and an informal hearing. While written representations from both parties can be both time-saving and money-sparing, this is not always the most effective method of an appeal that deals with an issue as big and serious as the development of an entire residential area. A public inquiry, although costly and time-consuming, may be a better appeal method for the Residents Association. This method involves an Inspector hearing both sides of the case, both in verbal and written form, as well as commentary from third parties. A cross-examination will then take place, allowing all parties to ask questions and provide the necessary supporting arguments. After the inquiry, the Inspector will make a formal site inspection and will later come to a final decision. (RICS, 2008). In some planning appeal cases, costs can be awarded if unnecessary costs were

A Logistics Managers Position with the Firm Essay

A Logistics Managers Position with the Firm - Essay Example Throughout the internships summer experiences, I learned that international shipping is more than just filling out paperwork. There’s a lot to learn when it comes to the actual physical work that is involved, the ships that carry the goods, and the high risk of shipping over the ocean rather than by air. Just wearing a tie or nice trousers looks good, but it’s also good to be able to say I loaded the container. I know about commercial ships and ocean travel. In other words, I’ve gotten my hand's dirty learning from the bottom.  Just wearing a tie or nice trousers looks good, but it’s also good to be able to say I loaded the container. I know about commercial ships and ocean travel. In other words, I’ve gotten my hand's dirty learning from the bottom up. My references will confirm that I’m disciplined, energetic, and a quick-learner and feel pretty good about myself gave the economy and hold plentiful knowledge about the position I m applying for. If you have an opening and by going through my professional details you think that I can justify the responsibilities of the concerned job, I would welcome an interview at your convenience.

Data Analysis for Business Decision Making Essay

Data Analysis for Business Decision Making - Essay Example Table1: Time needed in minutes on electronic devices Internal modem External modem Circuit board CD drive Hard drive Memory board Available minutes per week Test device1 2 3 5 6 4 8 9000 Test device 2 1 5 3 2 5 5 7800 Test device3 5 2 3 3 3 2 6600 Test device 4 3 4 2 1 2 3 6120 Next calculation will involve determining of the mathematical relationship for describing the constraints given in the problem. One relationship that is general is the quantity of resource that is utilized should be less than or rather equal to the quantity of resource that is available. The decision variables should also be greater than zero. First constraint: Test device 1 time used Test device 1 time available 2a+3b+5c+6d+4e+8f 9000 Second constraint: Test device 2 time used Test device 2 time available a+5b+3c+2d+5e+5f 7800 Third constraint: Test device 3 time used Test device 3 time available 5a+2b+3c+3d+3e+2f 6600 Fourth constraint: Test device 4 time used Test device 4 time available 3a+4b+2c+1d+2e+3f 6 120 Fifth constraint: a, b, c, d, e, f 0 All these constraints do represent the restrictions of the capacity of production, and have an effect on the total profit. The constraints display a linear programming aspect in which certain specific interactions would exist in between the given variables. Increasing the number of units produced by a company would reduce the production of other products. Response to question c. Solution. The decision variables in this problem are a, b, c, d, e, f. This problem was solved using the excel solver that is displayed the worksheet. Microsoft Excel 12.0 Answer Report Worksheet: [Book3]Sheet1 Report Created: 20/07/2012 10:52:29 Target Cell (Max) Cell Name Original Value Final Value $B$7 z 0 545568 Adjustable Cells Cell Name Original Value Final Value $B$1 a 0 168 $B$2 b 0 0 $B$3 c 0 984 $B$4 d 0 0 $B$5 e 0 936 $B$6 f 0 0 Constraints Cell Name Cell Value Formula Status $B$8 c1 9000 $B$8=0 Binding $B$5 e 936 $B$5>=0 Not Binding $B$6 f 0 $B$6>=0 Bindin g From the table, the maximum profit for Northern H-Tec E. Ltd Company is ?545,568 as displayed in the work sheet. Where c1, c2, c3, and c4 represents the constraints involved in the problem. Response to question d. Constraints that are biding are those constraints that limit the output of profit where as the non binding constraints do not always have a limitation in the overall profit. This implies that changing the non binding constraints do not affect the profit so long as the changes in this kind of constraints are within the allowable decrease and increase indicated in the sensitive report. Changing binding constrain

The Bullwhip Effect in the Supply Chain

The Bullwhip Effect in the Supply Chain As the name suggests bullwhip effect is an oscillation in the supply pipeline. In supply chain this effect occurs when there is a constant fluctuation in the demand. This effect also known as whiplash effect arises when minute demand fluctuations downstream result in a bigger fluctuation upstream of the supply chain. It describes how inaccurate information, non operational transparency and a disengaged production plan and real time information result in revenue loss, bad customer service, high inventory levels and unrealized profits. Incongruent information across the supply chain leads to overreact to backlog and building of excessive inventory in order to prevent stock outs (Supply Chain Management: Concepts Techniques and Practices-Enhancing Value Through Collaboration, By Ling Li; pp 191) it creates unstable production schedules that cause lead to unnecessary cost in supply chain. Companies have invested in extra capacity to meet the high variable demand. The highly variable dema nd increases the requirements for safety stock in the supply chain. Additionally, companies may decide to produce to stock in periods of low demands to increase productivity. If this is not managed properly it leads to excessive obsolescence. Highly variable demand also increases lead times. These inflated lead times lead to increased stocks and bullwhip effect. Thus this effect can be quite exasperating for the companies; they invest in extra capacity, extra inventory, work over time one week and stand idle the next, whilst at the retail stores the shelves of popular products are empty, and the shelves with products that arent selling are full (Dr. Stephen Disney, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University) The problem of this effect in supply chain management has been a concernment for many years. Due to its non industry specific nature, it has grabbed the attention of many professionals from diverse industries and business schools. Many firms have observed the bullwhip effect in which the fluctuations in orders increase as they move up the supply chain from retailers to wholesalers to manufacturers to suppliers.(pp 478-479 ; Supply Chain Management Strategy , Planning and Operation , 2nd Edition; Sunil Chopra Peter Meindl) Some of the prominent cases so far noticed have been of an Italian pasta manufacturer Barilla SpA (Hammond 1994) that provides vivid illustrations of bullwhip in its supply chain. Barilla for a very long time had been offering special price discounts to the customers for bulk purchases. Such marketing policies created a highly erratic and spiky demand patterns, leading to high supply chain costs that outstripped the full truckload benefits and mismanaged inventory. Another case is of Campbell Soups chicken noodle soup experience (Cachon and Fisher 1997). The company is into selling only those products that have a stable demand. The manufacturer yet faced extremely variable demand on the factory level, the reason for which was found out to be forward buying practices of the customers. (FIGURE) As pointed out by Lee, Padmanabhan and Whang(1997 a,b) the expression Bullwhip Effect was termed by executives of PG, the company that manufactures Pamper brand of diapers. These executives observed that while the consumer demand for Pampers Diapers was fairly constant over time, the orders for diapers placed by retailers to their wholesalers or distributors were quite variable i.e., exhibited significant fluctuations over time. In addition, even larger variations in order quantities were observed in the orders that PG received from its wholesalers. This increase in the variability of the orders seen by each stage in a supply chain was called the bullwhip effect. As per Simatupang and Sridharan this situation of misalignment in demand understanding can be termed as Asymmetric Information where different parties have different states of private information about product demand, and the chain operations. The problem of this as ymmetry arises because participating firms generally lack the knowledge required about each others plans and intentions to adequately harmonize their services and activities. Supply chain members often do not wish to share their private information completely and faithfully with all others due to the profitability of that actual or anticipated information. Thereby the whole supply chain suffers from suboptimal and opportunistic behavior. These decisions occur when the members donot have sufficient visibility to resolve various tradeoffs in decision making because lack of information causes decisions to be made in a narrow scope that cannot ensure the products flows properly to end customers. Moreover, with limited information sharing, members donot have consistent perceptions of market needs and visibility over performance at the other levels of the supply chain. As a consequence, decisions are made based on either the best estimation of the available data or an educated guess. Such decisions can be biased and prevent the individual member from attaining the optimal solution of the supply chain. For example, the manufacturer often uses incoming orders with larger variance and not sales data from the retailer as a signal about the future product demand. Asymmetric information also produces problems of vulnerability of opportunistic behavior. Specifically, adverse selection and moral hazard manifest themselves in the relationship among the supply chain members. The negative selection of adverse selection, for example, is that the member firms cannot optimize supply chain performance because they donot possess the required capability to meet the predetermined customer service level. ( Semchi levi, David, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simichi Levi, Designing and Managing the Supply Chain, London: Mc Graw Hill, 1999, pp. 103-107)(Lee, Hau L., V Padmanabhan and Seugjin Whang, The Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chains, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 38, No. 3 (1997), pp 93-102 ) To explain this effect a very simple example of two tier supply chain, a retailer and a manufacturer, can be taken into account. The retailer observes customer demand and places orders to the manufacturer. For determination of the order quantity to place with the manufacturer, retailer will use the observed demand data of customer and a demand forecasting technique. In the 2nd stage, the manufacturer plays his role of forecasting by observing the retailers demand to place order to his suppliers. In many supply chains, the manufacturer doesnt have access to customers demand data thereby making him rely on the retailers data to forecast. As the bullwhip effect implies (the orders placed by the retailer are significantly more variable than the customer demand observed by the retailer), the manufacturers forecasting and inventory control problem will be much more difficult than the retailers forecasting and inventory control problem. In addition, the increased variability will force t he manufacturer to carry more safety stock or to maintain higher capacity than the retailer in order to meet the same service level as the retailer. Longer the supply chain of a company more the impact of bullwhip effect can be observed. This also leads to increase in amount of the inventory across the chain. The rules of ordering such as timing of order placement, the acceptance of or refusal of back orders, order quantities and lot sizes, and cancellation rights and penalties, can have an enormous impact on the total system inventory and the bullwhip effect. To understand these challenges better a simulation of beer distribution game was created by the professors of MIT, Sloan School of Management. This simulation helps to understand the challenges faced by putting the participant in a real life supply chain situation. In this exercise, students enact a four stage supply chain. The task is to produce and deliver units of beer: the factory produces and the other three stages delive r the beer units until it reaches the customer at the downstream end of the chain. The aim of the players is rather simple: each of the four groups has to fulfill incoming orders of beer by placing orders with the next upstream party. Communication and collaboration are not allowed between supply chain stages, so players invariably create the bullwhip in the pipeline or chain. Sterman (1950a) was the first one to actually test the beer game to experience the bullwhip effect to experiment the causes that result to it. He (Sterman) experienced (1) Inventory Rationing (2) order bathing and (3)Price Fluctuations. He also provides evidence on bullwhip effect that occurs due to customers tendency of underweighting the inventory in supply line. The customer does not keep in the account the unreceived inventory at the time of placing a new order. Due to this the orders in backlog are underweighed in the decision to order more. Peter et. al.(1940) identify 4 main causes behind building up of bull whip effect. These causes are:- Demand Forecasting Every company in a supply chain usually does a product forecasting for its production scheduling, capacity planning, inventory control and material requirement planning. This forecast is oftenly done on the basis of previous orders placed by the customers. A very common method of demand forecast is exponential smoothing in which future demands are continuously updated as the real demand data becomes available. The order placed reflects the amount needed to replenish the future demands aswell as safety stock. Due to long lead times the safety stock days surge resulting in greater order quantity fluctuations. Moving a level up, to the manufacturers stage if the method of forecasting is same i.e. exponential smoothing then the demand variability is even more, eventually creating a bullwhip. Order Batching In supply chain most of the organizations place orders with their upstream suppliers after the accumulating them. The frequency of these orders is weekly, biweekly or at times monthly depending on the product. There are several cost related and demand related reasons for this practice. This can be demystified by an example of a company that places an order once a month because of the nature of the product it deals in. The supplier faces a highly erratic stream of orders. There is a spike in demand at one time during the month, followed by no demands for the rest of the month. This variability is higher than the demands the company itself faces. This practice amplifies variability leading to bullwhip effect. Transportation economics also plays a major role in the frequency of order placements. If the truck load is not enough then the order is not released as the cost is same irrespective of the load. Therefore companies prefer to order only when accumulated requirements are enough for a truck load to fill. This period batching causes surges in demand at a particular time period, followed by the periods of time with no or little orders, and other time periods with huge demands. Price Fluctuation Price variation is a crucial factor that impacts the buying behavior of a person. The customer buys in quantities that donot reflect their immediate needs. They buy in bigger quantities and stock up when the prices are low and reduce the purchase when the prices are normal, thereby creating a forward buy pattern in the chain. As a result the customers buying pattern doesnt reflect the consumption pattern and variation between the 2 grows which leads to the bullwhip effect. Rationing and Shortage Gaming When the product demand exceeds its supply the manufacturer is forced to ration them to the customers. Knowing that manufacturer will ration the goods, customers exaggerate their real needs at the time of ordering. Later when the variation between demand and supply plummets down, orders suddenly start to fade and cancellations pour in. This overreaction of the customer is an outcome of anticipation due to lack of information and interaction between the relevant parties. As the customer doesnt get 100% delivery of the goods required, he exaggerates the demand in order to receive the desired amount of goods. The above mentioned literature is comprehensible enough that all the factors or elements resulting in bullwhip effect originate from a common ground i.e. information sharing. It is evident enough that the lack of information and interaction between different stages evolve bullwhip in the system thereby plaguing the whole Supply Chain. Therefore it calls for supply chain integration where different stages upstream and downstream need to combine their operational practices by sharing information and work together towards a common objective. In this collaborative manner firms are likely to have less risk factor and more benefits to reap. Multiple researches have been done in order to prove the impact of inter firm collaboration on the performance of supply chain and attenuate the bull whip effect. Supply Chain Collaboration Intensive competition in the market place has forced companies to respond more quickly to customer needs through faster product development and shorter delivery time. Increasing customer awareness and preferences have led to companies that are able to deliver products with excellent quality, and on time. However the demand of customers for product variety, especially in the case of short life-cycle products such as food, apparel, toys and computers, makes it difficult for manufacturers and retailers to predict which particular variety of the products the markets will accept. To be effective in matching demand with supply, manufacturers and retailers need to collaborate in the supply chain. Each form of collaboration varies in its focus and objectives. Regardless of the collaborative approach taken, however, Simatupang and Sridharan(2003) suggest that the requirements for effective collaboration are mutual objectives, integrated policies, appropriate performance measures, a decision d omain, information sharing and incentive alignment. These requirements demonstrate a need for significant planning and communication to occur between partners, and can require significant resource commitment. Additional studies (Derocher and Kilpatrick, 2000; Mentzer et al., 2000) have affirmed that strong relationships increase the likelihood that firms will exchange critical information as required to collaboratively plan and implement new supply chain strategies. In order for this sharing of critical information to occur, a high degree of trust must exist among the collaborating partners (Frankel et al., 2002). Trust refers to the extent to which supply chain partners perceive each other as credible and benevolent (Ganesan, 1994; Doney and Cannon, 1997). Credibility reflects the extent to which a firm believes their relationship partner has intentions and motives that will benefit the relationship (Ganesan, 1994). One important aspect of information sharing as it relates to colla boration is the delineation of the kind of knowledge, explicit or tactic that results from the exchange of information. Collaborative arrangements involve knowledge transfer that is both explicit (e.g. transactional) and tacit, which resides in social interactions (Lang, 2004). More specifically, explicit knowledge is defined by Lang (2004) and referred to here as knowledge that can be articulated and codified in order to be transmitted easily. Hoover et. al., (2001) identify the benefits of collaboration only when it is done on a larger scale. Therefore they conclude that collaboration cannot be just a solution between close partners, but needs to be implemented with a larger number of business partners. The end goal should be solutions that enable mass collaboration. Darren Peters (six sigma master black belt for Cummins Inc. and also an ex professor of Purdue Universitys College of Technology) in his article on supply chain integration mentioned that a true integration of supply chain calls for a high degree of synchronization and alignment. Peters defines synchronization as information sharing; alignment, the most complex factor, reflects the collective behavior and motives of each partner within an ecosystem. Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) is the most recent prolific management initiative that provides supply chain collaboration and visibility. It has lately emerged as a new paradigm for the organizations that further want to cut their operational cost and make their supply chain more agile and responsive. Supply chain collaboration involves close work relationship with upstream suppliers and downstream customers. It is a new strategy to make the supply chain more effective and efficient keeping the customer at top priority. The association of Operations Management defines CPFR as follows: Collaboration process whereby supply chain trading partners can jointly plan key supply chain activities from production and delivery of raw materials to production and delivery of final products to end costumers (The Association of Operations Management also known as the American Production and Inventory Control Society, APICS). The complexity of new products, shrinking tim e to market, and capital intensity have led firms to collaborate to improve access to complementary abilities (Scott 2000) to help meet competitive challenges (Kanter 1994) and to address increasing competition due to market globalization, product diversity and technological breakthroughs ( Simatupang, Wright and Sridharan 2002). A greater interconnectedness and trend of outsourcing have led to a greater need for supply chain professionals to work in alliance with firms possessing complementary skills and capabilities. Lambert et. al. (Lambert, Douglas M., Margaret A. Emmelhainz and John T. Gargner,Building Successful Partnerships, Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1999), pp. 165-181) suggest a particular degree of relationship among chain members as means to share risks and rewards that result in higher business performance than would be achieved by the forms individually. Bowersox (Bowersox, Donald J., The Strategic Benefits Of Logistics Alliance, Harvard Business Rev iew, Vol. 68, No. 4 (1990), pp. 36-43) reports that logistics alliances offer opportunities to dramatically improve customer service and at the same time lower distribution and storage operating costs. Narus and Anderson (Narus, James A. and James C. Anderson, Rethinking Distribution: Adaptive Channels, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 74, No. 4 (1996), pp. 112-120) define a collaborative supply chain as the cooperation among independent but related firms to share resources and capabilities to meet their customers most extraordinary needs. As per a simplistic definition, Collaboration is nothing but a process in which people, groups and organizations work together to achieve desired results. Therefore supply chain collaboration is a business practice wherein trading partners use IT and a standard set of business procedures to combine their intelligence in planning and fulfillment of customer demand (VICS, 2004). The CPFR model created by Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards Assoc iation (VICS) is a promising mechanism for the forecast accuracy by having customers and suppliers participation in the forecasting process. A buyer and a seller work together as collaborators to satisfy the needs of the end customer thereby creating a win win situation. VICS 2004 proposes a model that is applicable to almost all the industries. In case of any discrepancy the vendor and the buyer can come together and rectify it by deciding upon the replenishment quantity. This kind of association or professional acquaintance offers a great potential to drastically improve supply chain performance through collaborative demand planning, synchronized production scheduling, logistics planning and new product development. The VICS Association, CPFR provides templates for supply chain collaboration in 4 stages (VICS 2004): Planning Stage: At this phase the relationship between buyers and vendors is planned and updated. It leads to front end agreement and joint business plan. Variances, w hether plan to plan or plan to actual, are also addressed. Forecasting Stage: At this stage, demand (order)/supply (sales) forecast is created and exceptions or discrepancies are identified and resolved. Forecast accuracy visibly improves by having customer and supplier involvement in the planning process and thereby making the goals compatible for both the parties. Execution: At this stage, the order is generated, shipments are prepared and delivered, products are received and stocked on retail shelves, sales transactions are recorded and payments are made. Analysis: At this stage, monitor planning and execution activities for exceptional situations. If a discrepancy occurs, the two trading partners can get together and share insights and adjust plans to resolve such discrepancies. Collaboration and co-operation between producers and their customers is a key component of a modern successful supply chain. As per Tim Bennett (Former President of National Farmers Union, Texas, USA) it is imperative that the organizations develop these relationships not only to drive improvements in efficiency but to respond more effectively to customer demands. As per Aviv (2005); Schwarz (2004) this initiative not only reduces the inventory but also increases sales for both sides i.e. retailers and suppliers. This also includes sharing of data and coming up with new and innovative ideas to attain a common objective. Supply chain collaboration is oftenly defined as 2 or more chain members working together to create a competitive through sharing information, making joint decisions, and sharing benefits which result from greater profitability of satisfying end customer needs than acting alone.(Simatupang Sridharan, 2005; Whipple and Russell, 2007). Narus and Anderson (1996) define Supply Chain Collaboration as sharing knowledge and skills by independent but related firms to meet extraordinary demands of precious customers. The major reasons for companies to collaborate their supply chain with suppliers and/or customers as the case may be, is to reap a better competitive advantage and improve the overall operational efficiency with improved profit margins. As per Wernerfelt 1984 Resource based view shows how firms develop and utilize their resources. Moreover the ownership of scarce and firm specific resources is the reasoned behind its success. Collaboration in the past has very often been interchangeably used with cooperation. Every professional and expert defines it differently. There are several driving forces that for the exchange of reliable information in the supply chain industry. One of these driving forces is competition. Merchandise retailers such as Wal-Mart and K-Mart have expanded product offerings into food items in order to enhance the value of customer service offerings through one-stop shopping. A second driver is the innovative nature of products, or the length of the life cycle and the duration of retail trends in these industries. In the apparel industry, for example, the life cycle of some garments is 6 months or less. Yet, manufacturers typically require up-front commitments from retailers that may exceed 6 months making long term fashion forecasts risky. General merchandise retailers know this years newest toy has a short product life cycle. It is imperative to get the latest trend in the consumer products to market quickly; otherwise, either tremendous lost revenues or markdown prices will be experienced. Long manufacturing lead times necessitate supply chain planning visibility. A third driving force is the longer, more complex supply chain given moves to offshore production. International sourcing for apparel and general merchandise has lengthened the supply chain and cycle time, and necessitating supply chain planning visibility. A fourth driving force behind CPFR is the nature of the supply chain cost structure. Global markets and more competitors are likely to move the supply chain system towards universal participation by all retailers in CPFR in an effort to cut costs (Raghunathan, 1999). All of these driving forces support the need to respond quickly to volatile demand and other market signals. These forces stimulate the development of supply chain visibility tools such as CPFR (Fisher 1997). Identified benefits of collaboration include: revenue enhancements, cost reductions, operational flexibility to cope with demand uncertainties (Fisher, 1197; Lee, Padmanabhan, and Whang, 1997; Simatupang et al., 2005); increased sales, improved forecasts, more accurate and timely information, reduced inventory, improved customer service, (Barratt and Oliveira, 2001; Whipple et al., 2007); division of labor, exchanges of knowledge about products and processes (Kotabe, Martin, Domoto, 2003) and cost and/or problem avoidance (Whipple, 2007). Companies like Wal mart, Procter Gamble and Dell computers have evidently shown that an anticipatory business model is better able to increase sales revenues and deliver profit margins meeting the shareholder expectations. This model is successful only when there is a cooperation and collaboration amongst all the members, internal aswell as external of the entire supply chain. (Supply Chain Collaboration-How to implement CPFR ;Ronald K Ireland with Colleen Crum, pg2). As per Ronald K Ireland reducing the Bull Whip effect in supply chain is not a program or a monthly initiative. It is a continuous practice to maintain a balance and to keep it to minimal due the inevitable nature. About the collaboration Ronal shares one of his experiences at Wal mart where due to some wrong program installation in the systems, purchase orders used to get blocked that lead the point of sale data to zero. The actual break down of collaborative planning happened when no queries were raised regarding the drastic change in point of sale rate. It was only when a supplier requested a Wal mart analyst to verify the forecast. This incident moralizes that it takes a team approach to eliminate the bull whip in the supply chain. Trust plays a vital role in the whole collaborative setup. Without trust and reliability on partners, supply chain collaboration is of no use. It is very important to have trust and faith in the partners to create supply chain into a value chain. Andraski (1994) reports that CPFR engages the manufacturer and retailer into exchanging the marketplace information in order to come up with a customer specific plan that can substantially reduce inventory. There are various cases or examples of CPFR implementation that prove its success. Various types of partnerships (collaborations) have been tried. Wal-Mart and Warner Lambert embarked on the first CPFR pilot, involving Listerine products. In their pilot scheme, Wal Mart and Warner Lambert used special CPFR software to e xchange forecasts. Supportive data, such as past sales trends, promotion plans and even the weather, were frequently transferred in an iterative fashion to allow them to converge on a single forecast should their original forecasts differ. The pilot scheme was very successful resulting in a tremendous increase in sales, better fill rates and in a reduction of inventory investment (Cooke, 1998; Hill, 1999). Other examples of CPFR pilots include Sara Lees Hanes and Wal Mart, involving 50 SKUs of underwear supplied to almost 2500 Wal Mart stores (Hill, 1999; Parks, 1999, 2001; Songini, 2001). In 1996, Hieneken USA employed CPFR to cut its order cycle time and is currently providing Collaborative planning and replenishment software to its top 100 distributors (Aviv, 2001). Procter and Gamble has several active CPFR pilots underway (Schachtman, 2000). Levi Strauss and Co. incorporates certain aspects of the CPFR business process into its retail replenishment service (e.g. by creating jo int business plans and identifying exceptions) (Aviv, 2001). Additionally, in the ECR report entitled European CPFR Insights several CPFR pilots are described including: Unilever Sainsburys GNX, Condis-Henkel-Cartisa, Kraft-Sainsburys GNX, Carton Scholler, Vandemoortele-Delhaize (ECR Europe, 2002). (Andraski and Haedicke, 2003) cited a major gap of misunderstanding, misuse of greater bargaining power and undue expectations in a collaborative relationship. Such gaps can be avoided if mutual agreements on extensive and timely information sharing were put in place to more precisely predict potential problems of matching supply and demand. At the same time these arrangements call for an effective governance structure to address potential economic incentive problems between contracting parties, thereby leading to more cooperation across firm level boundaries. Information Sharing Information is an essential part of managing operations and supply chain management. The above given review is comprehensible enough for us to realize the magnitude of information in supply chain and the repercussions if not communicated properly. It is the most crucial element in the whole CPFR frame of supply chain. Sridharan and Simatupang (2009) define information sharing as a process that facilitates the chain members to capture and disseminate timely, relevant and accurate information such that the recipient is able to plan, execute and control the supply chain operations. Likewise it should flow along with material and money across the supply chain in order to smoothly operationalize the key functions of supply chain. In the era of globalization where organizations have gone and are going multinational, the need of information sharing becomes vital for the smooth running of business. Some supply chains have the ability to share point of sale data to the end consumer with other members of the supply chain. Sophisticated supermarkets like Wal Mart use barcode scanning at the checkouts. These scanned barcodes populates electronic files that help in determining the patterns of particular products. This data is then offered to suppliers for the purpose of capacity planning activities. Utilization of this data only for the purpose of capacity planning doesnt help to resolve the problem of bullwhip as the suppliers still donot get clarity on the fluctuating orders of retailers. The real benefit availed from this data comes from its usage in replenishment or ordering decisions. The suppliers need to be proficient enough to use this information for forecasting replenishment. Effective sharing of information provides a shared basis for concerted actions by different functions across interdependent firms (Whipple et al. 2002). Increasing the level of integration and information sharing has become a necessary tool to bring a competitive advantage to the modern suppl y chain. Multiple researches have been performed in this context in order to develop a strong foundation in favor of information sharing and its crucial role in the all new Integrated Supply Chain Models. According to A.T. Kearney report(Field 2005), the average manufacturer has enjoyed benefits equivalent to million in savings for every $1billion of sales by synchronizing t

Exploring The Four Ancient Civilizations- Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece an

Before the beginning of history, people from across the land gradually developed numerous cultures, each unique in some ways while the same time having features in common. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Israel are all important to the history of the world because of religious, social, political and economic development. In the first civilization, both Mesopotamia and Egypt relied on a hunter-gatherer economic system, during that time, every country in the world strived on it. Mesopotamia had rich soil for agriculture, but experiences floods. For the Mesopotamians, these floods would destroy major cities, but for the Egyptians it would keep the soil rich all year long without the damage that the Mesopotamians had experienced. With the rich soil foods were plentiful around the farm lands, which gave both countries the chance to establish largely dense areas, like what we now know as a city-state. The Nile River also served as a defense for the Egyptians they enjoyed centuries of tranquility and peace in which they used to develop peaceful development of their civilization. For the Mesopotamians, this wasn’t the case. Mesopotamian society consisted of classes and social differences. The nobles, free clients of the nobility, commoners and slaves and Slave women all made up the different classes. The men dominated the women in Mesopotamia. The nobles consisted of the king, his family, the chief priests, and high palace officials. The king was a war leader elected by the citizens. He established an army and led it into battle. Kingship was hereditary. Commoners were free citizens. In ancient Egypt, both women and men could act on their own and were responsible for their own actions. In contrast, Mesopotami... ...males much higher. Also, the four ancient civilizations had to overcome the burden of uniting their people under one king. The need of kings to glorify themselves on statues is a testament of their ruling power, Egypt created many statues that displayed their gods, kings and queens. It was the Egyptians that influenced the Greek to create sculptures of their own ruling powers. Other then sculptures, the Egyptians influenced the Greeks to write on surfaces of buildings, it first started with Hieroglyphs then the ancient Greeks improved on writing, they wrote on large sheets of papyrus which lessened time and made recording events easier. With so much in common the real differences lie beneath the surfaces of religion, power, equal rights and education. All four of the ancient civilizations principles can still be found in many modern countries.

Compare and Contrast: Highschool vs. College Essay

My memory of the first day of high school brings me back to the feeling of being overwhelmed. There were students allocated everywhere in one building. It seemed like every one was confused on where to go and how to behave. It seems like a long time ago to me, but my first day at college brought back those feelings. Even though there weren’t as many people scurrying around, I still felt this overwhelming sense of confusion. Now I find myself as a freshman in college, somewhat similar to that freshman in high school with just a little more independence than what I had four years ago. Most students after grammar school are mandated to attend high school. On the other hand, college is a choice. Although high school teaches us many lesson on the path of maturity, college puts that lesson to a test. Even though there are many similarities between high school and college there are just as many differences. As a freshman in high school, you find yourself developing at an accelerated rate. You have a little more freedom than middle school, a very structured class schedule and most of all the same classmates stick with you throughout all four years. High school is a very structured environment. You become dependent on your teachers and other classmates to guide you through all four years. In college, you are self-reliant and manage your own time and schedule. Depending on others will not help enhance your grades. A high school student needs to structure his or her time and find tune in his or her study habits to ensure better results. To manage your time is a learned experience in high school and carried on through college. Learning how to manage your time in high school all comes together in college. Your time management skills are put to the test in college. Even though the environment in college is to be independent, you depend on the skills learned from high school to help achieve tha t independence. Classes in high school are very structured and defined by the mandatory credits for graduation. These classes are general and are distributed on an annual basis. All students share the same classes that are based on the grade level they are attending. In high school, you depend on your teachers  for that constant reminder of the completion of assignments. On the other hand, in college your professors simply lecture. It is up to the student to understand the material from the lecture. Courses are selected by the student based on their choice of major. Even though the courses are mandated, the selection of courses are defined by the student. For both, high school and college, grades are dependent on the achievement or failure of courses. Homework and assignments are given in high school as an extra credit mechanism to help raise grades. There is more leniency to help achieve a passing grade. In high school, by applying yourself to the classes you are assigned, your grade will reflect on the amount of participation during class. In college, homework is truly based on the amount of effort you place in studying. The professors in college don’t give that leniency. The expectation of a responsible student is to understand and know the material for future use. Tests are given based on the material to further ones knowledge of the course. These tests are based on your grade. Achieving this is based on the effort put into studying, similar to the effort that is placed in high school. In conclusion, some may think high school and college are different when in fact they have similarities. Grammar school prepares us for high school. High school prepares us for college. College prepares us for the future. These experience s define us as individuals. Each environment presents us with learning experiences that we depend on to enhance our abilities to become adults. These experiences are based on appropriate decisions and choices. In order to find the similarities and differences, a student must experience the learning environment for themselves.

Free Essays on Bush At War-Propaganda

Bob Woodward’s book, Bush at War, presents the story line of the war on terrorism from the perspective of Bush and his administration without external researches or verification, making the book seem like endless propaganda leading towards an obsessive goal with attacking Iraq. Woodward’s research is mainly notes from interviews with Bush and information given to him by Bush’s administration; making the book seem more like propaganda. Woodward paints a picture of the President as an honest man who cares about the world and wants to bring peace. Condoleeza Rice is portrayed to be Bush’s adopted daughter and biggest fan. Powell and Bush’s relationship is constantly scrutinize more than necessary, and he (Powell) is like servant more than a the Secretary of State, he is always doing what he is told and when he inputs his opinion it is always shut down or not even considered. Although this is what is perceived of Powell in the book, Woodward makes up fo r Powell’s situation in the Whitehouse by writing good little paragraphs about him. Cheney's influence is downplayed which I think was intentional. Rumsfeld is portrayed to be a mean prick in contrast to Bush’s â€Å"humble, people-loving guy persona†, yet both came in unison when it came to war. Everyone else in the ensemble was more or less dancing along with whatever Bush and Rumsfeld said. At moments I felt the book was like a play in which war making process seemed to flow scene-by-scene, meeting by meeting play. The players (Bush and his administration) seemed to be performing who they were supposed to be. I had to constantly remind myself that this is what supposedly really happened in the Whitehouse and Camp David. Woodward begins with scene-by-scene account of where and what Bush and his administration were doing while the Twin Towers were crashing down. The book continues with series of meetings between Bush and his administration and their plan to attack. Between e... Free Essays on Bush At War-Propaganda Free Essays on Bush At War-Propaganda Bob Woodward’s book, Bush at War, presents the story line of the war on terrorism from the perspective of Bush and his administration without external researches or verification, making the book seem like endless propaganda leading towards an obsessive goal with attacking Iraq. Woodward’s research is mainly notes from interviews with Bush and information given to him by Bush’s administration; making the book seem more like propaganda. Woodward paints a picture of the President as an honest man who cares about the world and wants to bring peace. Condoleeza Rice is portrayed to be Bush’s adopted daughter and biggest fan. Powell and Bush’s relationship is constantly scrutinize more than necessary, and he (Powell) is like servant more than a the Secretary of State, he is always doing what he is told and when he inputs his opinion it is always shut down or not even considered. Although this is what is perceived of Powell in the book, Woodward makes up fo r Powell’s situation in the Whitehouse by writing good little paragraphs about him. Cheney's influence is downplayed which I think was intentional. Rumsfeld is portrayed to be a mean prick in contrast to Bush’s â€Å"humble, people-loving guy persona†, yet both came in unison when it came to war. Everyone else in the ensemble was more or less dancing along with whatever Bush and Rumsfeld said. At moments I felt the book was like a play in which war making process seemed to flow scene-by-scene, meeting by meeting play. The players (Bush and his administration) seemed to be performing who they were supposed to be. I had to constantly remind myself that this is what supposedly really happened in the Whitehouse and Camp David. Woodward begins with scene-by-scene account of where and what Bush and his administration were doing while the Twin Towers were crashing down. The book continues with series of meetings between Bush and his administration and their plan to attack. Between e...

April Raintree Reflection Essays

April Raintree Reflection Essays April Raintree Reflection Paper April Raintree Reflection Paper Reflection on April Raintree Novel by Beatrice Culleton April Raintree Reflection: Chapter 1 The first chapter in the novel April Raintree by Beatrice Culleton gives a very intriguing background to April. We learn about her mother, father and most importantly her younger sister April. We are introduced to her living situation and how terrible it is. It is given from the view of a child, leaving the reader to use their common sense to fill in the blanks. I found myself feeling very sorry for April at the beginning of the book, having to raise her sister all by herself because she thought her parents were sick and needed medicine to get better. When her parentâ„ ¢s would take this medicine I just wanted to tell April what was really going on and to go talk to someone. Even though they got taken away from their family during the chapter I still feel terrible. I hate how young Cheryl is, because if she knew what was going on with her family, she wouldnâ„ ¢t be able to understand even if she wanted to. If I were in April or Cheryls situation I donâ„ ¢t think I could cope with all the stress at such a young age. It seemed obvious that they would get taken away from their family, just because the story had to move forward and there had to be conflict but I didnt want it to happen. Nobody wants to be separated from their family, no matter how bad or neglecting they are towards you. Everyone needs someone to love, and be loved back whether they show it or not. I didnt find this chapter the most interesting of the novel, but it kept me interested in the story and kept me flipping the pages. April Raintree Reflection: Chapter 9 In the ninth chapter April has already married Bob and moves to Toronto to move in with him. She is overwhelmed with the parties, mansions and most importantly her complete and total loneliness. Cheryl comes to her house for Christmas and April is excited and nervous for Bobs mothers reaction. They also get a chance to catch up with each other and Cheryl finds out that April went searching for her parents and didnt tell her. I found that this chapter was the turning point for April and Cheryls relationship. Looking back on the novel I feel that it only got worse from this point. This is to be expected because even though they are blood related they were raised in two different families, which allowed them to become two totally different people. Cheryl has been able to live without her sister for a long time, and I think it becomes clear that she doesnâ„ ¢t want to live with April anymore. I think their different opinions about the Native people are a lot more important than the re ader thinks at this time. I think that because it is such a big part of their lives that it hurts Cheryl to see April not care, and hate those people. To Cheryl, itâ„ ¢s like hating yourself, and your heritage. If I were Cheryl, I would probably be just as upset because I would have it written on my face if there was anyone to hate it, it should be the person who is judged all the time with it. April Raintree Reflection: Chapter 11 This chapter is the most intense chapter in the book. April gets raped, and it is described so perfectly to make the reader feel exactly how scared; humiliated and distraught April was during this terrible time. Just thinking about this scene in the chapter makes me want to cringe and scream at the same time. I want to cringe because I hate being a bystander in those situations, but I also want to scream so I can help her and save her because I know how much it is going to affect her life from that day on for the rest of her life. On the news when you here about children that are getting raped, they donâ„ ¢t go into full detail and I now understand why. I canâ„ ¢t imagine how anyone can go to sleep at night with those vicious memories inside their head. It makes me so angry that people would sink so low to hurt someone so terribly emotionally and physically without thinking. Those people should be hurt just as bad because they will never know how those experiences affect the r est of their victimâ„ ¢s life. I have no sympathy for rapists; no matter what their situation is or even if they were threatened. There should be absolutely no reason for someone like this to get away free, and if there is a death penalty this situation should be the ones where they use it. I know this may seem very harsh, but what they did is more than harsh, it is disgusting, disrespectful and just an overall terrible thing to do. I feel so much for April in this chapter and I feel bad judging her because I dont know what its like to have something so traumatic affecting my day to day life. April Raintree Reflection: Chapter 12 In chapter twelve Cheryl apologizes to April for making her go out to get her things, April goes out with Roger and April and Cheryl buy a house together. If I were Cheryl, the guilt I would feel for letting my sister go out into that part of town would never leave me, but I dont think Cheryl saw it as being that bad. I think this because Cheryl was a prostitute and it probably wasnt that abnormal for those things to happen to people walking on the street, especially young women. I was happy that April and Cheryl decided to move in together because I think that at that specific time in their lives they needed emotional support to help them get through. Even though they are both adults at this stage I always think itâ„ ¢s important to have someone to come to just in case there is no one else to turn to and living with your sister would give you that feeling of comfort and security. Although April was the one who just recently gotten raped I still think Cheryl is the dependent one i n their relationship. She comes across as someone who does her own things and marches to the beat of her own drum but I believe that deep down she just wants someone to love her for who she is and will support her through all her decisions. We could automatically put the blame on April for not being a good sister but I think it boils down to Cheryl and how stable she is as a human being. In the novel, Beatrice Culleton makes her come across as stubborn, smart and dependent. We never see Cheryl as being anything but wanting to be with her sister. Later in the novel we find out that she learns to depend on whiskey to solve her problems because she loses faith in her sister. It is hard to judge Cheryls actions because we donâ„ ¢t know what her life was like from her point of view, only Aprils. April Raintree Reflection: Chapter 14 Chapter fourteen mostly takes place in the courtroom where April is questioned about her rape and is forced to answer questions about it, making her uncomfortable and making her relive that terrible evening. Cheryl decides to support her sister by coming to the trial. In the chapter, we find out what Cheryls job was when April was in Toronto. She is a prostitute and they thought it was Cheryl they were raping, not April. When April heard the news, she couldnt force herself to believe it. Its as if her mind went blank and she couldnt process anything else at that moment. Cheryl had told April that it was all her fault from the very beginning, and it turns out that it was true. It says in the book when April asked Cheryl if it was true that Cheryl just sat there and said nothing like she was expecting it. If I were April I wouldve smacked my sister across the face a few times. I wouldnt be able to control my anger. Iâ„ ¢d probably have steam coming out of my ears, Id be so furious. A bit later in the chapter one of the rapists goes to the stand and claims that he was drunk and didnt know what he was doing. I threw the book across the room at this point. I was so upset, and angry with everyone and I felt so bad so April. April has done absolutely nothing to deserve people like this in her life. All she does is try to make her life enjoyable for herself and does what is right for her, which is how everyone should live his or her lives. No one, no matter what his or her situation is, should have those things happen to him or her. Its not something you wish upon someone. Its the last thing you want to happen to anyone, even your worst enemy. April Raintree Reflection: Chapter 15 Chapter fifteen is not too long of a chapter but it certainly has a lot in it. The main event in this chapter is the fight between April and Cheryl. Recently, Cheryl has been drinking quite often and not staying at home either. Cheryl comes home one afternoon completely wasted and says things to April that are so rude and disrespectful itâ„ ¢s hard to imagine that Cheryl is Aprils sister. Cheryl, in the earlier chapters seems like the one who has her head on her shoulders and could stay away from this stuff but I guess she proved us all wrong. It makes me upset to see a girl with such drive and motivation to throw it all away for a bottle of whiskey which only makes her feel that much worse about life. I can understand how she is upset and is going through a hard time but alcohol is not a permanent cure. It might make you feel like everything is okay for a few hours but after, when you pass out and wake up, you are still right where you started and you then realize that nothing ha s gone away. Itâ„ ¢s actually gotten worse because now you have to deal with a major hangover as well. In the end, Cheryl slams the door and walks out. Even though it may seem like this is a good thing I beg to differ because when someone is drunk it is better to take care of him or her instead of letting him or her go on the street where they could be taken advantage. April Raintree Reflection: Chapter 16 When I read this chapter, I cried for a good half an hour. It is so emotional for the reader I cant even describe how I felt reading it. At the end of the chapter when we find out that Cheryl jumped off the bridge just like her mother did, my heart fell into my stomach. I felt like April did. I felt alone, like a part of me has been lost and could never be found again. She was the character you couldnt help but love throughout the whole book, and you just wanted to tell her that so she would rethink this selfish act. Suicide is something that I cannot understand personally because I have never experienced such depression. I cant imagine how the author felt writing this knowing that her two sisters went through this very same thing. I am honestly speechless about this ending. Its so sad that it took death for April to realize what Cheryl had been trying to get across for so long. Cheryl did not deserve this life, or to die this way. I want her to come back to life and change her life for the better but maybe this is the way it was meant to be. Maybe, this is what wouldve happened no matter what path shed taken. Its one of situations that you cant even question, you just have to take a deep breath and let it sink in. April Raintree Overall Reflection At the beginning of the book I had to force myself to read it because I couldnt get into it, but as they started to get older I couldnt put it down. I fell in love with the characters and their differences and how they complimented each other so perfectly. I wish we got to see both sides of the story, from April and Cheryls point of view. However, I think that in order for us to believe Cheryls end result there had to be another side of Cheryl that both April and the reader never see. Its a realistic story which makes it that much spookier. People actually live this life and for people like us, who have food to eat and a stable home life it is impossible to comprehend. It would seem so easy to just leave home if things were bad, but when you grow up in that situation from such a young age it is normal to you. Throughout the book we mostly heard about Aprils story, which I think was used as a distraction from Cheryls life to create more mystery. When I was reading about Aprils fabulou s rich life I was always worrying about Cheryl and what she was up to. She was the underdog that you wanted to come out on top and make a difference just like she said she would when she was younger. I think I lost all hope in Cheryl when later in the book she came home drunk. Seeing anyone you care about loses all control and just not care anymore, makes you worried but also makes you not care anymore. It shouldnt be your responsibility to make someone realize why his or her life is worth living; they should know that by themselves without being told. Even though I lost all hope, I still wished, in the back of my mind that she would surprise me and make me smile like she did when she sent April that letter with all the spelling mistakes in it. This novel clearly shows the ups and downs of living the way these girls did. It showed the constant struggle to succeed and be better than their names, and the colour of their skin. It starts off as such a hopeful book, and in the end is a h opeful book as well. There a lot of events that occur during the novel that make you lose hope but even when Cheryl dies, April find hope, and promises to continue what Cheryl has wanted from the very beginning.

Research the topic of Information Security Management from quality Paper

The topic of Information Security Management from quality - Research Paper Example A large number of small-to-medium sized enterprises have and are investing a substantial amount of capital and resources into their business to cement their place within the world of business (eCom Advisor, 2000). The latest networking technology not only helps them achieve this but also allows them to expand their business and upgrade their SME into a large enterprise. This paper would take a look at the security threats that an SME faces online and its need of information security management to tackle these threats. ... This exposes their data to threats such as phishing, Trojans, spam and viruses. These threats could have a serious impact on the daily operations of the business being conducted. Moreover these threats can even sometimes have long term effects that hinder in the company’s growth and become a reason towards the loss in the company’s productivity (GFI software, 2009). SMEs are usually restricted in terms of resources and finances. Any significant loss of data or leakage of secret information could destroy the entire business (GFI software, 2009). This means that data integrity is a vital component within a SME and can make or break its business. An effective Information security management allows businesses to implement various measures that would protect various data and assets that the business owns. Information security management not only allows an organization to tackle security threats that it faces but also allows it to measure the impact the attack would have on t he performance of the business (Alexander, Finch, & Sutton, 2008). Incident response management and disaster recovery Components of an incident: Before the discussion of an incident management system it is vital to understand what an incident is and what the components of an incident are. An incident is an event that occurs due to an action that is executed by a person or an individual. Usually the purpose of these actions is to cause harm to the working of the system or to the data contained within the system. It is vital to point out here that incidents are a subset of events. An incident comprises of three components event, incident response team and incident investigation (Molino, 2006). An event is an activity that causes a deviation of the system from its normal working. An event is

Health Care Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care Reform - Essay Example With Federal Government playing a pivotal role and funding at the national level, a community network of public/private health care should be developed by identifying people and localities where high quality care is lacking. Both public and private agencies should be engaged to arrive at expert consensus on end-of-life care models sensitive to the linguistic and cultural backgrounds of the patients and their families. Health care professionals should be trained to be proactive and to give personalized care with proper communication amongst care providers, patients and their families. Funds should be made available at the community level to all possible support services that are non-medical with the objective of providing dying patients and their families with the best comfort possible during their last days. (Citizens' Health Care Working Group 2007) These recommendations will soon be in the hands of the new American President for implementation. The two presidential candidates Hillary Clinton for the Democratic Party and Jon McCain for Republican Party have already spelt out their about their stand on health care as part of their election campaigns. Hillary Clinton is on record having spelt out her remarks on health care. Universal health care is her key word as other wise she fears millions and millions of people will be left out.

Foundations of biological functioning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foundations of biological functioning - Essay Example Correlational method is considered by scientists in the experimental context as important in the process of validation. For example, if the results of an experiment can be verified through methods outside of the initial experimentation, then there is a higher chance that the conclusions reached are valid or even universal in application. Similarly, if other methodologies fail to produce corresponding results, or even produce data that conflicts with the experiment as referenced, then there may be serious dispute as to the validity of the conclusions involved. In general, experimental results should be supported across methodologies of correlation if they are to be considered valid in practice. 2) Describe the double-blind technique and state the significance of it. The double-blind technique is where neither the administrator of the medicine or the experimental behavior of the research nor the patient / participant knows whether they are part of the active experiment or a placebo tes t group. Both the experimental manager and patient or participant is â€Å"blind† as to whether they are administering or receiving a placebo drug or the real compound under testing. This is said to produce more reliable results as it removes suggestibility and subtle influences from the researchers from the data. 3) Imagine you work for a drug company that just created a medication to decrease anxiety in adults. Design an experiment using the appropriate research method that would allow you to best market your company's new pill. The clinical trial is based on two subject groups in this instance of testing an anti-anxiety medicine. The first patient group is considered to be new anxiety patients who are reporting their first contact with medical professionals for the problem of anxiety. They are given the medicine in a test study by researchers using the double-blind methods and placebos. Their recovery and improvement rate is tracked against the placebo group, and other med icines. In the second patient group, habitual sufferers of anxiety who previously failed to result in improvement with other methods of medication are tested with the new medication following the same double-blind methodology and analysis. 4) Jack was hit by a drunk driver and sustained a severe injury to his left frontal lobe. What should Jack and his family expect now? What difference, if any, might Jack's age make on the situation? The left-frontal lobe is related predominately to language processing and higher critical thinking in the brain, and thus following this injury it can be expected for acute language disruption in speaking, vocabulary memory, and even self-identity structures related to language, as well as motor-coordination problems. Age is a minor factor to consider when structural anatomical damage is present. The ability of the brain to re-route and repair functionality around the missing and damaged pieces of the brain is not overly-determined by age, though young er patients may relearn these abilities easier. 5) Explain at least three of the following techniques used to study the brain: EEG, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, fMRI. What is the significance of these brain-imaging techniques? The EEG or Electroencephalogram measures mental activity through electronic sensors or electrodes placed around the outside of the skull and transferred into patterns of change by monitoring machines. MRI or Magnetic Resonance

Diversity in Universities Essay Example for Free

Diversity in Universities Essay The process of getting education involves going through a number of stages. They are the pre-school, primary school, high school and finally the tertiary institutions and the university. Admission into the universities or colleges involves the process in which students who have completed high school join tertiary education at universities and colleges. An educational system differs from one country to another. Some countries have self governing bodies which centralize the administration of standardized exams. Diversity refers to the process of recognizing and appreciating the individuals’ characteristics that make them unique so as to promote the celebration of the individual and collective achievement of those persons. Universities consists of individuals who contribute significantly to the growth of culture of the community through expressing their views on how to improve on the performance of an organization Diversity in universities. As teachers teach in universities, they always need to update their knowledge in their fields of specialization because of changing trends. Diverse systems in universities enable students to know in advance the type and quality of teaching and qualification they will receive. Benefits of diversity When an organization values diversity, it means that it values the local community as well as themselves. Different values are appreciated by the diverse organization . This kind of organization recognizes the fact that people with different backgrounds skills, attitude and experience brings about fresh ideas and perceptions. Diverse organizations encourage and harness various differences that make their services relevant and approachable. They also get a wide range of views exercised so that it can listen to them and meet the changing needs of its user, staff, volunteers and partners. Intellectual Diversity A review is done about the student’s perception of students towards teachers who attempt to discuss politics in course other than political science in classrooms. Academic freedom should be allowed in college campuses for its easier to correct a situation in the classroom. On other hand arguments should be made to be one sided. For education, it is said to be implemented when students are provided with a variety of perspectives and encouraged to think for them. There are some suggestions given to ensure intellectual diversity at the same time protecting academic freedom, for instance establishing new academic programs political bias in student –funded groups. In conclusion, diversity helps us to see situations from different points of view and therefore assists one to accommodate changes when they arise. It is therefore necessary to learn about diversity so as to appreciate the different research agendas and priorities that may arise that may bring change to a community and thus lead to proper decision making processes within their organizations. Reference: Blosser, S. (2005) Universities Flunk In Intellectual Diversity http://72. 14. 205. 104/search? q=cache:N1K4WYFP6EgJ:www. campusreportonline. net/main/articles. php%3Fid%3D706+intellectual+diversity+in+universitieshl=enct=clnkcd=2gl=keclient=firefox-a Website accessed on September 6, 2008